What is Asperger Syndrome?
Answer:
Asperger syndrome is a neurological condition of the autism spectrum disorder.

Asperger Syndrome (AS), named after Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger, is a developmental disorder
commonly typified by poor social and motor skills, and repetitive actions. Some of the most obvious symptoms displayed by those with AS are:
  • repetitive routines or rituals
  • peculiarities in speech and language, such as speaking in an overly formal manner or in a monotone, or taking figures of speech literally
  • socially and emotionally inappropriate behavior and the inability to interact successfully with peers
  • problems with non-verbal communication, including the restricted use of gestures, limited or inappropriate facial expressions, or a peculiar, stiff gaze
  • clumsy and uncoordinated motor movements
AS is usually diagnosed in early childhood. A delayed development in skills such as crawling and walking are typically the first indication of a problem. Children with AS, unlike those with autism, retain the language skills they learn as a child but will continue to exhibit limitations with social interactions as they continue to grow. An increasing number of adults are being diagnosed with AS usually coinciding with the diagnosis of other mental health issues such as depression or OCD.

Studies are still being conducted into what causes AS. Some findings point to abnormal brain development in the fetus. The part of the brain affected controls thought and behavior. There's also a genetic influence and although no specific gene has been identified, AS tends to run in families.

Diagnosis is usually difficult as there's a lack of standardized screening and a consensus among doctors as to whether AS should be viewed as a distinct disorder from autism itself. Some in the medical community view it as a mild form of autism, calling it high-functioning autism.

Treatment for AS is often focused on the three main issues affecting patients with AS: communication/social skills, obsessive behavior and clumsiness. Along with structured activities to help patients overcome certain limitations, treatment may also involve cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy and even medication for other conditions such as depression. With effective treatment, children with AS can learn to function well in life as adults but still may find certain situations challenging and may need a support network to lead a happy life.

For more information and to learn what research is being done in the field: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/asperger/detail_asperger.htm


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